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List of contents for this article:
- 1、What addressing method do most PCs use now
- 2、The concept of relative addressing
- 3、If the operand is in memory, the addressing method can be
- 4、When applying branch and jump instructions, the addressing method we use is
What addressing method do most PCs use now
Immediate addressing: the data itself is directly placed in the last 8 bits or 16-bit bytes of the instruction; direct addressing: the intra-segment offset address of the data is directly placed in the instruction, occupying two bytes; register addressing: the data is stored in the register specified by the instruction.
Ahci is an advanced mode of hard disk interface SATA, while raid is a hard disk application mode based on ahci. AHCI is the abbreviation of the AdvancedHostController Interface defined by Intel. This operating mode is common in newer PCs. AHCI is a relatively new technology that has many of the native features of the SerialATA standard interface, such as NCQ and hot plug, improving device compatibility and performance.
The foundation of the x86 architecture uses a complex instruction set and multiple addressing methods.
The foundation of the x86 architecture uses a complex instruction set and multiple addressing methods. RISC Architecture: Although the x86 architecture is based on the CISC architecture, modern x86 processors adopt many RISC architecture design concepts in their internal implementation to improve performance and energy efficiency. Superscalar architecture: Multiple execution units are set up inside the processor to execute multiple instructions at the same time, improving instruction execution efficiency.
The concept of relative addressing
Relative addressing is an addressing method that takes the current value of the program counter as the base address and the address label in the instruction as the offset. The two are added to obtain the effective address of the operand. Specifically: Base address: Relative addressing uses the current value of the program counter as the base address. A program counter is a special register in the CPU that stores the address of the instruction currently being executed.
Relative addressing is one of the addressing methods of computer instructions. The core of it is to use the content of the current program counter (PC) as the base address to form a new PC value through the one-byte complement number (offset) given by the instruction to realize the positioning and execution of the instruction. In relative addressing, the special register implicitly referenced is the program counter (PC), meaning that the effective address equals the base address plus the offset, expressed as EA=A+(PC).
Relative addressing is an operation mode that uses the current value of the program counter (PC) as the base address, combined with the address label in the instruction as the offset, to add to obtain the effective address of the operand. In relative addressing mode, the content of the current program counter pc is used as the base address, and the one-byte complement number given by the instruction is used as an offset to form a new pc value. This is the basic concept of relative addressing.
Setting the MCU REL (relative addressing) requires combination of instruction encoding, offset calculation and code organization. The core steps are as follows: Understand the principle of REL addressing REL addressing. REL addressing realizes the jump through the relative offset between the current instruction address and the target address. The offset is automatically calculated and encoded into the instruction by the assembler.
The effective address EA is a 16-bit unsigned number. When using these five methods to calculate the effective address, the result is considered to be an unsigned number. In addition to these basic addressing methods, there are also fixed addressing and I/O port addressing. Addressing method in a computer is a very important concept. The so-called addressing method is the method of finding operands. Only when the operand in the corresponding storage unit is found can the relevant operation be performed.
If the operand is in memory, the addressing method can be
1. If the operand is in memory, the addressing methods can be: direct addressing, indirect addressing, register indirect addressing, base addressing, indexed addressing, and relative addressing. Direct addressing: Direct addressing means that the effective address (EA) of the operand in memory is directly given in the instruction, that is, the memory address of the operand is directly given by the instruction. This approach is simple and intuitive, but less flexible because each operation requires the address to be explicitly specified in the instruction.
2.[Answer]: C immediately addressing: The operand is in the instruction. Direct addressing: The operand address is in the instruction. Memory indirect addressing: operand addresses are in memory. Register addressing: The operand is in the register.
3. Register addressing: When the operands are not placed in memory, but in the CPU's general registers, register addressing can be used. Indirect register addressing: The difference from register addressing is that the register content in the instruction format is not the operand, but the address of the operand, which specifies that the operand is in memory.
When applying branch and jump instructions, the addressing method we use is
Sequential addressing method When instruction addresses are arranged in order in memory, the execution of the program usually proceeds in turn by instruction. After the first command is executed, move to the second command, and then the third command. This sequential process is called sequential addressing. To achieve this, you need to use a program counter (also known as an instruction pointer register) to track the sequence number of the instruction, which is the instruction address in memory.
There are two ways to address instructions. Sequential addressing method Because instruction addresses are arranged in order in memory, when executing a program, it is usually performed sequentially one instruction after another. That is, the first instruction is fetched from memory and then executed; the second instruction is fetched from memory and the second instruction is executed; and the third instruction is fetched.
For example, the jmp instruction will jump unconditionally to the specified address. Conditional branch instruction: Decide whether to execute a jump operation based on the current conditions. If the conditions are met, jump; otherwise, sequential execution continues. Addressing method: Branch instructions can use the addressing method related to the branch address to form the branch address. These addressing methods may include direct addressing, indirect addressing, relative addressing, etc., and the specific applicability varies depending on different instructions.
Register addressing: Store operands in registers, including working registers R0 ~R, accumulator A, general register B, address register DPTR, etc. For example, the operation of instruction MOV R1, A is to transfer the data in accumulator A to register R1, and its operands are stored in accumulator A, so the addressing method is register addressing. Direct addressing: Write the address of the memory location where the operand is stored directly in the instruction.
Base plus index addressing: The address of the operand is a combination of the base register (DPTR) and index register, such as `MOVC A,@A+DPTR`. This addressing method is suitable for string operations and complex data accesses. Relative addressing: The address of the operand is the current instruction address plus an offset, such as `SJMP08H`. Commonly used to implement loops and jumps. Bit addressing: The operand is a bit in a specific register, such as `MOV 20H, C`.
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